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Have you seen my scissors?
Usually, in borrowing words from Latin, the endings of the nominative are used: nouns whose nominative singular ends in -a (first declension) have plurals in -ae (anima, animae); nouns whose nominative singular ends in -m (second declension neuter) have plurals in -a (stadium, stadia; datum, data). Nouns describing things having two parts are expressed in the singular when used as adjectives. This is also true where the attribute noun is itself qualified with a number, such as a twenty-dollar bill, a ten-foot pole or a two-man tent. The following -(e)n plurals are found in dialectal, rare, or archaic usage: The word box, referring to a computer, is occasionally pluralized humorously to boxen in the hacker subculture[clarification needed]. The spelling adds -es, or -s if the singular already ends in -e: When the singular form ends in a voiceless consonant (other than a sibilant)—/p/, /t/, /k/, and sometimes /f/ and /θ/ (which in some plurals are replaced by the voiced consonants /v/ and /ð/ respectively, as discussed below) —the plural is formed by adding /s/. The plural is used for pluralia tantum nouns: a glasses case is for eyeglasses, while a glass case is made of glass (but compare eyeglass case); also an arms race versus arm wrestling. This also applies to the St. Louis Blues ice hockey team, even though it is named after the song the "St. Louis Blues" and thus blues was originally a singular identical to its plural. Words such as army, company, crowd, family, fleet, government, majority, mess, number, pack, party and team may refer either to a single entity or the members of the set composing it. The form meese is sometimes also used humorously as the plural of moose—normally moose or mooses—or even of mouse. How to say paperwork: How to pronounce paperwork. Scots "kye"—"cows"] plus, (rare, found in some regional dialects, used by, encyclopaedia (or encyclopædia) / encyclopedia, encyclopaedias / encyclopedias (encyclopaediae and encyclopediae are rare), agendum (obsolete, not listed in most dictionaries), agenda means a "list of items of business at a meeting" and has the plural, data (Now usually treated as a singular mass noun in both informal and educated usage, but usage in scientific publications shows a strong American/British divide. Many of these are the names of animals: As a general rule, game or other animals are often referred to in the singular for the plural in a sporting context: "He shot six brace of pheasant", "Carruthers bagged a dozen tiger last year", whereas in another context such as zoology or tourism the regular plural would be used. Regular English plurals fall into three classes, depending upon the sound that ends the singular form: Where a singular noun ends in a sibilant sound—/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/—the plural is formed by adding /ɪz/ or /əz/ (in some transcription systems, this is abbreviated as /ᵻz/). This includes 1 followed by any number of zeros. In the case of most nationalities, however, the plural of the demonym noun is used for this purpose: (the) Americans, (the) Poles. ", "...in educated everyday usage as represented by the, "The word agenda, for example, was originally plural (from, American and British English grammatical differences, Germanic umlaut § I-mutation in Old English, § Singulars with collective meaning treated as plural, http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF3/334.html, "Summary of dictionary sources and scholarly usage", "Oxford Dictionaries - The World's Most Trusted Dictionary Provider", UoN Style Book – Singular or plural – Media and Public Relations Office – The University of Nottingham, "Open Learning - OpenLearn - Open University", "What are the plurals of 'octopus', 'h... - Oxford Dictionaries", "Inuit, Inuk (Linguistic recommendation from the Translation Bureau)", Rules for Irregular Plural Formation of Nouns, An Algorithmic Approach to English Pluralization, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_plurals&oldid=982727943, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, (particularly when referring to a team of draft (draught) animals, sometimes, (archaic/regional; actually earlier plural "kye" [cf. Classical Greek had a simpler system, but still more complicated than that of English. In casual speech, oxygen might be used as shorthand for "an oxygen atom", but in this case, it is not a mass noun, so one can refer to "multiple oxygens in the same molecule". The plural form of most nouns is created simply by adding the letter 's' to the end of the word .. For example:-bag - bags; dog - dogs; horse - horses; minute - minutes ; But there are some exceptions:-
However, often the abbreviation used for the singular is used also as the abbreviation for the plural; this is normal for most units of measurement and currency. However, if it has already been established that one item was in question, one can use no to deny that such an item exists in the singular: The interrogative pronouns who and what generally take singular agreement,[26] e.g. One would interpret Bob's wisdoms as various pieces of Bob's wisdom (that is, don't run with scissors, defer to those with greater knowledge), deceits as a series of instances of deceitful behaviour (lied on income tax, dated my wife), and the different idlenesses of the worker as plural distinct manifestations of the mass concept of idleness (or as different types of idleness, "bone lazy" versus "no work to do"). It is normal to say 1.0 gallons per flush, for instance, 0.6 units, or 3.3 children per couple, not *1.0 gallon, *0.6 unit, or *3.3 child per couple. However, certain complications arise in the spelling of certain plurals, as described below. The plural is also more common with irregular plurals for various attributions: women killers are women who kill, whereas woman killers are those who kill women. Uncountable nouns on the other hand have no plural form and take a singular verb (is / was ...). Different paradigms of Latin pronunciation can lead to confusion as to the number or gender of the noun in question. The spelling adds -s: Thus, singular forms that end in a voiceless consonant (other than a sibilant) are pluralized with the voiceless consonant /s/, and singular forms that end in a voiced phoneme (including vowels and voiced consonants) or a sibilant are pluralized with the voiced consonant /z/.
Phases was once the plural of phasis, but the singular is now phase. Other nouns have become Anglicised, taking on the normal "s" ending. However, if the sense is a group of geographical objects, such as islands or mountains, a plural-form name will be treated as plural: The Hebrides are a group of islands off the coast of Scotland. The noun paperwork is uncountable. A particular set of nouns, describing things having two parts, comprises the major group of pluralia tantum in modern English: These words are interchangeable with a pair of scissors, a pair of trousers, and so forth. In the case of /f/ changing to /v/, the mutation is indicated in the orthography as well; also, a silent e is added in this case if the singular does not already end with -e: In addition, there is one word where /s/ is voiced in the plural:[5].
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